(di Stato) legge fundamental, costituzione, carta
The fundamental Status of the Monarchy of Savoy, the four march, known as the Status albertine, or Statuto, the name of the king who promulgated Charles-Albert of Sardinia
It was adopted by the Kingdom of Sardinia, the fourth of march, and was defined in its Preamble autograph of Charles-Albert,"fundamental Law, perpetual and irrevocable from the Monarchy"sardinian.
Seventeenth day of march, with the creation of the Kingdom of Italy, it became the constitution of the new united Italy until when, by legislative decrees, was adopted a constitutional system transient until the implementation of the constitution of the Italian republic, on January. Following the revolutionary movements of the bourgeoisie to which participates also the aristocracy in the main cities of the kingdom of Sardinia, Charles-Albert takes a series of measures of a liberal nature: in he set up the civil code tracking of the criminal code, in, and in, he reformed the censorship (imposed by Victor-Emmanuel I) authorizing the publication of political papers. After the concession of the The Bourbons in January, Charles-Albert assigns, and to prepare, in haste, a declaration which shall be the basis of the Statute (which term is taken from the Statuta Sabaudiae (the statutes of Savoy) Amadeus VIII of Savoy, and which is proclaimed to the people the eight of February, three days before the Grand-duchy of Tuscany are making the same decision. This basis of fourteen points is granted by the"benevolent generosity of the sovereign", which unites the paternalism a veiled threat not to go beyond that if people do not show"worthy of the magnanimous royal concession". In this way, Charles-Albert soothes the liberals and the democrats. The"conference board", in charge of drafting the Statute, has as main objective to determine which of the constitutional models of the european one is the most appropriate to the kingdom of Sardinia and which produces the least change of the institutional organization. This model is found in the constitution orléaniste of and in the belgian of. A few days after, twenty-three and twenty-four February, the revolution, hunting in Paris as well of the monarchy as the constitution.
The revolt of the parisian who carries Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte to power, stirs the spirits in Italy and gives rise, in the minds of liberals, the most fiery and revolutionary, the idea of a republic, the promises of Charles-Albert pretend now too limited.
All of this influence the positions of the King, who promulgates the Status of the four march. The monarchy is constitutional and hereditary according to the salic law the King is the supreme head of State and his person is still"sacred and inviolable"even if this does not mean that it should not abide by the laws (as provided for in the oath in article), but only that it may not be the object of criminal sanctions.
The King maintains a certain pre-eminence and exercises the executive power through the ministers he convenes and dissolves the chamber, and has the power to sanction of the laws.
With this power, the King assesses the interest of the law and may refuse if it considers that it does not correspond to the political objective, followed by the crown. The sovereignty does not belong to the nation (though the article uarante and a specific reference is made to the meps, as representatives of the nation) but to the King, which, of absolute sovereign turns into a prince constitutional by his explicit will. Italy fate of a regime of absolute and in-between in a time where the King had his powers limited by the constitution. The text is statutory, however, remains rather cryptic in the light of the relations between the King, the government and the rooms where the difficulty of the evaluation of the"purity"of the constitutional monarchy or the"parliamentarianism"of the fact that the government must be the sole confidence of the King. Because of this, the King decided by the government and the parliament is limited to making laws, collectively, with the contribution of the King and his agreement. In practice, Charles-Albert tries to ensure that the government has the confidence of the parliament, replacing it when it decreases. This led to the appointment in a year of four different cabinets, without any vote of confidence. From, with the arrival of Camillo Cavour, who became the leader of the parliamentary majority, in times of crisis, it is the support of the chamber of deputies, which requires Cavour in spite of the wish of the King to want to replace it. It is as well as the government, supported by the chamber of deputies passes a system of government to parliamentary-type, the king is considered the head of the executive. At the beginning, however, the ministers are seen as mere collaborators of the King, without official recognition, the function of president of the council is not scheduled, the ministers who may be members of parliament or not, accountable for their actions to the King and not from the rooms.
Each minister may be replaced if he loses the confidence of the King. The one appointed by the king, the senate may not be dissolved, and the elective, the Camera dei Deputati, college uninominale and double round.
The bi-parliamentary system, designed to function in a perfect way, grows in reality so unbalanced, with a prevalence policy of the lower chamber. Bills may be proposed by the ministers, the government, the parliamentarians, in addition to the King. To become law, the identical text must be approved by both chambers, without order of precedence (except for the one tax or the budget, which must pass first by the chamber of deputies) and must be validated by the king. It is for this reason that the two houses and the King represent the three legislative powers: it is sufficient for one to be contrary, the project may not be reproduced. As regards justice, it"emanates from the King", which appoints judges and has the power of grace. To ensure the right the citizen, he has the respect of the natural judge and the prohibition of the court extraordinary, the publicity of hearings and debates. Before the statute, the King had the discretion to appoint, promote, move and suspend the judges. Now, some additional safeguards are being introduced to the citizens and the judges, who after three years of exercise, have the guarantee of security of tenure. Article, in addition, excludes the possibility to take into account the"prior right"to the decisions of the courts the supreme state. The judiciary is not a power but an order submitted directly to the ministry of justice. The control of the activity of the single judge must have existed, but must be assigned to other judges: Siccardi, with a vision of a pyramid, is it reasonable for this to be achieved by the highest body, the court of cassation. The Status albertine corresponds to a constitution in brief, it is limited to stating the rights, the more often the liberties of the State, and present the form of the government but makes no reference to the reports State-community. It recognizes the principle of equality but is limited to recognition of a formal equality.
It recognizes the equal individual (article), inviolability of home (article), freedom of the press (article), freedom of assembly (article).
The religion is the catholic, apostolic and roman"and other cults existing are only tolerated as under the reign of Victor-Emmanuel Ier.
Such arrangements are evolving rapidly and will see the emancipation first of the waldensian Church (march), and then of the Jews (march) with the recognition of their civic and political rights, as well as the abolition of the privileges of the ecclesiastical from the two march following that hunting the Jesuits of the State.
(giur.) complesso delle standard che disciplinano l organizzazione e l attività di una struttura giuridica: s. regional s dei lavoratori carta Enciclopedia Italiana statuto sta·tù·to s. OB ciò che, although as stato deliberato, acquisisce valore di norma. TS stor nel Medioevo, complesso delle leggi proprie di un Comune o di un determinato ente giuridico: statuto marittimo - ciascuna raccolta organica contenente Dizionario italiano statuto s.
a Atto che disciplina l organizzazione e l attività di una persona giuridica: statuto della società - Statuto albertino, carta costituzionale del Regno di Sardegna, poi d Italia, concessa nel, oggi sostituita Enciclopedia di italiano statuto s.
(is, di un ente) ordinamento, regolamento, standard, normativa Sinonimi e Contrari.
